alder24

Yes, yes, that was just a single example, nothing more is needed to prove that. There are more limits for sure. Tbf I don't think reversing time/time travel back in time should be considered a power (ability). It's not possible. It's just fantasy. Period. It shouldn't count for omnipotence.

It's about Preservation using his mind to create the prison for Ruin, which slowly uses its up, diminishing Preservation's mind. This kind of burning, not metal one.

I can't do that. I don't like ranking stuff that I like and assigning numbers to them, as this is changing depending on my mood, immersion, life, memory etc. I can say that my favorite Cosmere books are The Way of Kings, Words of Radiance, Oathbringer, The Final Empire, Hero of Ages and Warbreaker. But the books that I return and reread the most are Words of Radiance and Warbreaker.

I literally quoted you the definition of omnipotence from Oxford Languages, and you're telling me it's wrong??? By this definition any limitation would mean omnipotence can't be achieved. Shards are limited in their actions by their intent, therefore they are not omnipotent.

Yeah, you're probably right, it doesn't matter for our Lightweaver unless he wants to hit a target lots of kilometers away or something.

Yes, not not necessarily to the details of inner working. X-rays interact with electrons, gamma, UV and visible light as well. Microwaves cause molecules to rotate, while infrared causes molecules to vibrate more. Infrared is absorbed more strongly than microwaves, but less strongly than visible light, but infrared and microwaves penetrates more deeply then visable. We are talking about creating very intense infrared light, not a flashlight. Every type of wavelength from radio to visible light can be intense enough to kill. But longer wavelengths carry less energy than shorter wavelengths, and longer wavelengths passes through a body more easily. And I'm still talking about Lightweaver who can create as intense light across whole spectrum. If he create intense infrared it will heat up his target, the same with any other wavelength. If you take into account light scattering, then some visible light is scattered by air, dust particles etc, while infrared passes through it more easily. Emissivity, absorption, scattering etc are also playing a major role in heat, not just energy. I've already admitted that calling infrared heat is wrong. Heat is transferred by many ways, and across the whole spectrum. I was then thinking about typical, low/medium temperature, black body radiation, which emits in infrared the most, giving me temporary blindness to call infrared heat.

Why not? Infrared radiation excites molecules, making them vibrate faster, thus increasing the temperature of the body, which means energy was transferred changing the temperature, which is heat.

Except if it hits Lightweaver, you may lose or weaken the steel line to it, as it's passing through a highly invested object, that is healing itself. Mistborn will notice this immediately.

You are right. That's why I called it simplification. But in the case of Lightweaver, wouldn't creating intense infrared light cause heat?

Well, to be fair, Mistborn can shoot metals in every direction, thus checking which illusion is hiding an object behind, and by this knowing where Lightweaver is hiding.

Yes, any radiation will heat a surface. But any non-black body will emit infrared radiation to transfer energy, which is heat. So it isn't that wrong to simplify it by stating that infrared generates/is heat. That's not true. The sun emits radiation across the whole spectrum, but 49% of it is infrared. 43% is visible light. The peak intensity is close to the center wavelength of visible light. However, visible light is a very narrow band of wavelengths. Most of the total intensity is in the infrared region, which covers a bigger range of wavelengths.

Spanreeds are rubies. But all of 10 gems are associated with one Knight Order and have specialized use in Fabrial tech. Rubies are used for conjoiner fabrials, which splits spren and ruby in half, like Spanreeds. They are also used for heat fabrials. And they are associated with the order of Dustbringers, who have a surge of Division. I recommend you reading this on Coppermind: https://coppermind.net/wiki/Polestone

They can create any wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum - heat, infrared is one of them:

Kite world is not the SP 4 world: SP 4 was inspired by earlier story of Hoid figuring out magic systems: But SP 4 is still happening after Era 3:

This should also go in the spoiler.

Fun. It could fit description from Coppermind: But if they are 10000 feet long (3 km), then having only 60 feet (18 m) long legs isn't a bit too little? And there is the question if the largest of Reshi Isle, drawn on map, like Kadrix are also a Tai-na? Shallan in WoK ch 36 mentioned that on Kadrix live people who ride greatshells. Does this mean all Kadrix inhabitants ride Tai-na as the island is one? Or that some people living there periodically go to ride one close to Kadrix as a "job" (taking care of young and small Tai-na for example)? Kadrix is 364 mi / 587 km long, and 219 mi / 352 km wide on eastern side (interactive map). That's quite a lot for a living being.

I've just found 2 WoBs on this, while they are not stating it's all Connection, Connection is part of Steelsight. What excites me the most about the second WoB is the last sentence "Allomancy is moving towards fundamental forces". This is crazy, it's basically Surgebinding. I can't wait for Era 4 Mistborn vs Radiant discussions

This isn't me who is suggesting it, it's literally a WoB, Brandon who explained it that way in Mistborn Annotations. Look again at those two WoBs: Eland had 100% Allomantic potential because he burned Lerasium, which added to it. Vin was a natural, a unique person with a unique connection to Preservation. All the other people, with Allomantic potential lower, down to 50%, can be snapped normally and become Mistborn or Misting - That's Kelsier, Ham, Breeze, Spook etc. But every person on Scadrial has Allomantic potential because it's buried within extra Preservation's fragment in their soul. They have very low potential and those people are targeted by Mists. Nothing is added here by Mists, no investiture. Those people will be weak Misting. It's all explained within those 2 WoBs. Being an Allomancer is a matter of Connection to Preservation. The Connection is there, but it needs cracks in the soul, to draw Preservation's power for Allomancy. Sometimes the Connection is too weak to get through Ruin's part of the soul - that where Mist came to help - those extreme emotions during Snapping makes Ruin's control weaker, and it's allowing cracks to form and allow this Connection to access power. No, I was saying that Terris didn't have preexisting Allomantic seed in them (they had very very weak, on WoB's allomantic potential scale it would be less than 10%). If they had it a bit stronger, this would dilute their Feruchemy into Ferrings, and possibly Twinborns - and this all would had happened long before Mist snapping, so during Final Empire we would see Ferrings and Twinborns - we didn't (Ferrings had happened but to some but very rarely, possibly to those who's parent wasn't from Terris), because Terris were separated, they didn’t interbreed, they didn't dilute their genes. And they already had a preexisting Connection to Preservation, but granting them Feruchemy. It was stated that the more he was using the Power of the Well, the more he understood it. His first move after Ascending was moving the planet. So it's a relatively safe assumption that by the end of it he knew the nature of Mist - he was touched by the same power after all.

Understand now, and I've already answered this and provided WoB, as I thought that's what you meant. WoBs explained Mists mechanics very well. Mists would act just like trauma, no special effect. Everyone has the seed of Allomancy (Preservation's fragment), at worst Mists were pushing that seed to be active. Yes, everyone has the seed of allomancy and feruchemy in them, but very very weak in most cases. Terris people, because they were always separated from others for thousands of years, have a very strong seed of Feruchemy, and extremely weak seed of allomancy, so it won't happen there. And I think in HoA it was even said that Mists don't snap Terrisans. Yes, they had kids, Ferrings existed, they passed on strong allomantic and feruchemical seeds which suppress each other. And this WoB also says this, it's extremely unlikely, but still slightly possible, to get Halfborn. This WoB is about era 2 (date). During era 1, because there was almost no interbreeding, it was just not possible. I've never said this. And Terris people were not targeted by Mists. It was said in HoA, possibly when Sazed/Elend visited them at the Pits. You are missing the most important proof that it didn't happen - Rashek. He Ascended, he possessed the knowledge of the Preservation, and after spending all of the power, he would know if Mist were still snapping or not - this would in turn be known to Obligators, as even they were snapped and tested for metals like Atium, and they knew there was 16 metals. They would know it. Nobody even knew what Deepness was after Rashek's death, Mists were not snapping people. Snapping during Era 1 worked by beating someone almost to the death, so if some noble kid goes on the field trip and comes back burning metals, people will eventually get suspicious. You are also missing that thousands of people were still traveling outside during nights. Skaa refugees (prologue of TLE!!!), rebels, soldiers, spies, caravans, some workers here and there - it did happen and even in large groups. They would notice that Mists were attacking people. This would be a well known fact by the times of Sazed, and even he would have this information in his metalminds. It's not just about getting powers, it's about Mists suddenly attacking people. This would be very visible, and the rumors would spread like wildfire, especially among fearful skaa. Nobody knew this, and this was a revelation for Sazed in WoA. Skaa feared the Mists, or rather what was lurking there, but they had no idea that Mists could attack them. It didn't and it couldn't happen.

What do you mean "unsnapped misting"? During Era 1, every Misting and Mistborn was snapped. But because the Snapping was such a traumatic event, most of the population (Skaa) didn't do it, as they didn't even have hope for becoming a Misting. But during 1000 years, the Allomancy DNA was still present in some of them, or strengthened as they were the offsprings of nobles and skaa, so the gene was there in all of Scadrial's population. That's where Mist and the Snapping came, as they Snapp every person as they had Allomantic genes in them. But in most cases, their potential was too small to manifest normally, so Mists just increased this potential. They chose specific people from every single metal to make proper 16% ratio. But this power was always within them, just too weak to be awakened. Everyone who was Snapped by Mists WAS a hidden Misting. Yomen, who was Snapped by Obligators, was a prove that Atium Mistings existed long before, so even Atium Mistings weren't the produce of Mist, this gene was within population. Mist just provided cracks in people's soul to allow them to use Allomancy, draw from Preservation. It didn't overwrite anything, it only increased the potential of the weakest. Not likely, they would be snapped into Thugs. Mistborn into Mistborn etc. Everyone has the seed of Allomancy in them, that's why they get Snapped. Mists just increased their potential which they already had in them. Not likely, because most Terris people didn't have Allomatic genes in them. If they do, it would dilute their Feruhemy making them Twinborn. Yes, they stopped. Mists were awakened when the power of the Well was full, and it was the mechanism made by Preservation in case Ruin got freed. See second WoB. If snapping was happening during this 1000 years, people would notice.

While allomancy is connected to Preservation, his essence is the fuel for most metals, he is providing investiture. With Atium however it uses Atium (Ruin's investiture) as a fuel to see the future. But it doesn't involve tapping into any specific ability of Preservation, you just use a power provided to you to by the metal in a specific way. Powers are not of Shard's - WoBs:

I'm clearly referring to both Shards (pure investiture/"power" without a Vessel) or a Vessel. In each sentence I'm talking only about Shard's power without a Vessel (Shard's Vesselless investiture), or Shard controlled by a Vessel (Shard's Vessel). I'm giving you examples why Shard's power and Vessel can't be omnipresent and omniscient, using definitions of those words, quoted at the beginning of each paragraph. No, that's literally against the definition of omnipotence, as this is a limitation. Omnipotence requires no limits. Being able to use your power/gun only when told is a huge limitation therefore it can't be omnipotent.

Hemalurgy is ruining, it always leaves damage. While spike is removed, spike was also Ruin's invested art and probably contained some of his investiture allowing him for easier interaction. Like WoB said, spikes give you cracks in the soul, you can't heal them without investiture and healing. So the soul will remain damaged after removing the spike. Hemalurgy always twists your soul and body in a destructive way, irreversible without healing- like Penrod had spiked through his heart, was still alive, but removing the spike would kill him as the changes done to his body by the spike would not reverse. The same is with the soul.

This too as well. But spikes do create cracks in the recipient's soul which is partially filled with a piece of soul contained in the spike, when you remove the spike, cracks remains. Edit: WoB:

Recipient's soul is also damaged by a spike. Spook got his in arm, and soon after was healed by Harmony. Healing the soul with Feruchemy requires a lot of attributes.