Yata

The Returneds could reproduce under some peculiar cirtumstances. Simply the priests don't know the Method or the Method is too Dangerous. This is implied by the fact Vo itself started the Idris's bloodline and some God-kings are Indeed the son of the previous One. PS: I don't remember any reference or clue on Siri's pregnancy

Ok so Szeth's surgebinding can't heal a Spiritual Wound (A shardblade cuts the soul) while a Radiant could heal Spiritual Wounds (you see this in the books)

Yeah Roshar's character are older than what you imagine from thier ages. In your example Kal with his 18 Roshar's years(or 18 weeping) is quite 20 Earthling years old (you applied the formula in the opposite way)

As we never saw this in action also when Soothers/Rioters need it. I would say you could not be affected by your own Emotional Allomancy. But I am quite sure there isn't an official confirmation

It could be the opposite, the Nightwatcher could be a lightbased being Who keeps the dark (the Night) far

The Spike needs to hit the right Bindpoint and the damage It deals Need to be serious to allow the ripping Soul. If the Spike is placed into a not surelly lethal location and the victim doesn't due for the Spiritual Shock....It would be Spiritual different. Brandon described this out come as an Drab-like (if you read Warbreaker). So the less Soul mean that the guy is less connected with the world around him and likely to suffer of depression-like issues. His health Will be poorer and he would be more Influenced by magic (as the Investiture interfere with Investiture). There are also specific problems related to Hemalurgy itself. If I steal "Strenght" from a man. The guy Will Lost a great amount of his physical Power. Maybe become uncapable of moving at all.

The answer is "we don't know". Unluckly I could not provide a Better answer

Yeah sure, and what is the matter?

Well no, we know the distance impact the Selish Magics' power, a Forger into Elantris will be unable to make a Seal works. Probably the Moon Scepter will help in this "inter-area Dor Usage" but it's just a speculation. Actually Teod is fully into AonDor's Area. The AonDor works at its rightful power there. Simply they are too far from Elantris to benefit from the artificial boost. It's exactly the same power level Raoden displays in Elantris itself before the city's restoration (therefore when the Artificial boost didn't work)

Extra protection I think. If someone manage to gather enough power to pull/push on his metalminds (stacking Hemalurgy or with Durallumin) the not pierced one will be a "bait" because the ones that pierce his flesh would be still harder to affect

First of all, all' the Selish magic become weaker and weaker while you go far from your homeland. It's not something of AonDor alone. AonDor in this regard is weird because It losts Power a lot of Faster than others. This happen because the AonDor is boosted beyond the rightful power level from Elantris itself and the city's influence is really smaller compared to the real "AonDor's area". For example the Power level exibited by Raoden Before he fixed Elantris or the One showed in Teod...are the same, Simply the right Power of AonDor without artificial boost.

Probably because It's an unnatural state of the matter. The Harmonium's existence is hard also now that R&P's relationship is less harsh. Before Harmony It would be impossibile with Preservation's Power trying with all It's Force to stata away from Ruin's one

The opposite is confirmed, that "Symbiotic magic is stronger on Roshar". Oh that WoB, it's mine (my first one...give me a second into the feel train). Anyway Yeah it's possible the Metalmind didn't block at 100% a Shardblade (at least not multiple times) but indeed is a greater improvement from be cutted without any kind of defense. Notice that a Shardblade is already slow down from the amount of Investiture that make an Human's Soul so It's not to hard to believe a Metalmind could do better. There are Metalminds easily to fill and made of decent strong material. An Ironmind could be filled with someone's 100% weight without problems for the Feruchemist...This mean it could accumulate a good amount of charge over time.

I think indeed it's confirmed that the Weakness are there with or without Calamity. Alternative Prof's daughter expose a weakness and she is born in a world without Calamity (or the Herald as they call it)

Mainly TLR's knowledge on Hemalurgy came thanks Ruin's whispers while He held the Well. And no, his bracers weren't spikes. If you read a WoB about, It seems Brandon misunderstood the question or something like that

Thousands of Shardbearers would really a fearsome Force. Just as the Number of Shards increases. Also the possibility of losing some Shards and give to Scadrial's side an huge help increases. I want Just to add a couple of points. 1) Also Shardblades Will have problem to leave their homeland, I could not say the same for the Plates as we don't know for sure their origin. 2) I don't follow this Thread usually, so maybe this point was already raised. But Scadrial has a way to turn a Shardblade into a less fearsome weapon. A Shardblade Will have an hard time to cut an Invested object so Metalminds are a decent protection aganist the fearsome Edge of a Blade. I could see some feruchemist simply storing their attributes to make Shard-resistant equipment.

@The Technovore the Metallic Arts could be used without problems everywhere. Nahel Bond instead Will have problems to be taken offworld as the Spren is mainly linked to their homeland and they Will find hard to leave It. The Surgebinding Need also a more esoteric juice to work. Lastly, Roshar boosts Symbiotic magics so a Radiant Who manage to carry his Spren offworld and retain his Powers, Will probably find them weaker and possibly cutted off from some of them. In the end, Metallic Arts are among the easier magics to use offworld

I think you are too hard with them. They last as long as they could and when they reached the critical point, they left. For them neither the Death is an option, probably they would try the suicide if possibile. This is from their point of view. If we Simply look at their result, thanks to their action, Roshar managed to have the longest safe timeframe from the Shards' arrive. Sure they hide their action, but we don't know the reason...maybe they have a good reason for doing It.

Well darkness the "sun" is a constant among the CR, It could be really a manifestation of something equality spread everywhere. Much more when Ruin's Power spread in an area, It's described as falling from the High and as something that partially cover the sun. We know that mostly of the Shards'Power is in the Spiritual...so another likely metaphor for the sun as spiritual. But like your my points are really speculative.

Well it is on Scadrial for 300 years and nobody on the North never saw it. So it's possible to be "lost" just for ths. Much more it's possible that thanks to Harmonium the people of Scadrial will discover again Atium (we know something interesting remain as Harmonium's explosion remains) that is know as The lost metal

I am not sure from where but Roshar has 0.7 g of gravity. It's One of the features needed to allow GreatShell to exist in it. About the air resistance, I think you understamate It a bit. Flying at 200-300 Km/h would be hard for the G-Force alone. Imagine having the full air resistance in your body. It's not really different than be hit by something

Many people (me included) think that the Cognitive's Sun is a rapresentation of the Spiritual Realm (while others think is the Beyond). You May notice that sun is there also in other Shardworlds, not Roshar only

You have also to considerate Roshar's lesser Gravity and the damage the body would recive from moving at High Speed (and the relative Stormlight to heal the damage)

The parallel with Stormfather ad merging Spren+CS is almost impossibile because Cultivation is alive and fine. Probably a Better Cognitive stability without a Bond and I think He ingerits some Tanavast's Connections to the world

Yeah, my point was that also far from Harmony's reach, your soul is exposed to all' kind of influences. For example a voidspren could in theory use your cracks in the soul to influence you a bit like se saw with the Listeners. (I think there is a WoB about)