Weltall

They're entirely different. Compounding is making use of a particular loophole in two magic systems that allows you to cheat the rules of one of those systems. A Resonance is a specific effect resutling from you having two different magic systems. The specific Resonance that results from your combination doesn't necessarily have anything to do with the powers themselves and you don't necessarily have to be regularly using the magics to get the effects of a Resonance. For an example of the former, Windrunners get as their Resonance more Squires than other Radiants and theirs are more powerful, which doesn't have anything directly to do with their abilities to controll gravity or atmospheric pressure. For an example of the latter, Shallan's ability to take a Memory is the Lightweaver Resonance and she's able to do it throughout Way of Kings before she's consciously Surgebinding.

That depends on whether the graphic novels and television series are adaptations of the same story or whether the former acts as a sidestory to the latter. The Dresden Files for example has graphic novels that told their own story alongside the 'main' canon of the books (and the alternate canon of its TV series). We know that the novels are planned as prequel/character development pieces, it's possible the graphic novels are something similar. Even if they're not, having the same story told side by side in different mediums isn't unprecedented. Novel adaptations of movies happen all the time and usually come out simultaneously and lots of anime in Japan come out (at least initially) at the same time as a manga of the same story, though which is the 'original' and which is the adaptation can differ depending on the circumstances.

Somehow I missed this earlier. We know that there is at least one other person running around the Cosmere collecting magics like Hoid is, but we don't know who or why. It's possible Brandon had Mraize in mind since we've seen that his trophy collection includes several things that we know or strongly suspect are linked to magic systems (ie, we know he has Invested sand from Taldain and we assume the 'hairpins' are hemalurgic spikes) but we also know he can't actually use some if not all of those magics, so he may not count as the collector Brandon talked about. It seems to be related to how the powers interact with the Spiritweb. Each power is like a wave and when you only have a small number of powers the different waves create constructive interference (or something similar anyways) which is the Resonance. Too many powers and those small effects get drowned out. It seems to be more how many different 'waves' you've got going on in your Spiritweb rather than how powerful any given magic is, since we know a ferring or misting using the Bands of Mourning could develop a Resonance if they only used one power granted by the latter (between it and their original ability) even though the Bands are ridiculously Invested. I don't think she's collecting them for herself. If she were trying to get magic directly, I imagine she'd go gaga over the Southerners and their medallions because those would let her experiment directly with the various combinations of Metallic Arts powers on her own, but instead she has to go pester Wax about the interaction of A-Steel and F-Iron. We also know that the Seventeenth Shard is totally okay with what Khriss is doing but they really don't like what Hoid's up to. One of the things the Seventeenth Shard believes is that the sixteen Shards were separated for a reason, they should stay separated and people shouldn't dabble in bringing them back together in any way. I think that if Khriss were actually collecting magics, the Seventeenth would put her in the same category as Hoid.

Have you read the annotations? In other words, Ruin literally cannot find the atium without help because even once he knows where a given cache is, he's incapable of actually distinguishing the atium from all of the surrounding metal. In the case of the actual location of the atium, it was contained in a steel box which means Ruin couldn't possibly have found it even if someone told him 'hey, go check out the Trustwarren'. This is why he gets his various agents (which includes an unknowing Vin and Elend) to locate and search the caches for him. Also, throughout the end of Hero of Ages Ruin isn't completely free to act because he has to worry about first Kelsier and then Vin having Ascended after Leras' death. Even with Kelsier struggling with the power, it was still a huge threat to Ruin and once Vin took it up there was no chance of Ruin going after the atium personally (even if Elend's plan hadn't made that impossible) because the minute he distracted himself by going for it, Vin would have attacked him. But as mentioned, Ruin was physically incapable of ever finding the atium for himself due to the measures that Rashek and the kandra took to hide it.

Agreed. We know that Shu-Dereth is heavily influenced by the Skaze and they're power-hungry but as Brandon points out on multiple occasions, none of the Shards is inherently 'good' or 'evil'. Under other circumstances, the same Shardic mindset that influences Shu-Dereth could have produced something like classical Chinese civilization or pharaonic Egypt, extremely long-lasting and generally stable societies based on hierarchy. Getting back to the Selish example, it's just that under current circumstances Shu-Dereth is being bent towards world conquest by the people running the show. That aspect has more to do with how it's being used (read the backstory on present-day Fjordell here) than anything that's inherent in the religion itself. I wouldn't be surprised if in the future of Sel we read of a reformist Shu-Dereth that's stripped out those aspects.

The age-slowing one has one built-in if you think about it: You're still aging, just nowhere near as fast. Even if the rate slows to something extreme like 'one year of realtime equals one day of aging' then you're still aging. If you were fifty when you started and live to ninety (which doesn't seem too unlikely if you have any sort of access to Cosmere healing) then you'll hit that limit in 14,600 years. That's an enormously extended lifespan and would be enough to cover everything from the Shattering to the present day with room to spare, but it's still finite. The same element that makes atium compounding not a method of 'true' immortality is probably ultimately going to come into play here as well: Your Spiritual aspect stil knows how old you should be and eventually even if you're otherwise perfectly healthy you'll just drop dead once your time is up. This is the reason that people with healing magic like Bloodmakers and Knights Radiant aren't immortal. Some methods are just better at handling the Spiritual aspect than others. To be completely immortal you need some way to completely stop your Spiritual aspect from recognizing that you're aging, or you need to be a race that is that way naturally. As mentioned (and Brandon discusses it in the WoB I just linked to) the Heralds are a kind of Cognitive Shadow, which means that their souls became so saturated with Investiture either in life or immediately after their first death that they're able to resist being pulled Beyond whenever they die. Exactly how the resurrection part of their deal works we're not yet certain of (though it probably involves forging a link back to the Physical Realm, at which point their Cognitive self-image makes sure that their new bodies look right) but the basic fact of their immortality is a mechanic that's shared on other worlds. The Shades on Threnody are manifestations of the same phenomenon and the Returned are as well, with the latter having their Cognitive/Spiritual aspects 'stapled' back into their Physical bodies via the Divine Breath. Something similar to this is how 'The Sovereign' got a body back. Oh, that reminds me that Brandon mentioned something interesting about Rashek's (quasi) immortality that might be a hint as to other ways it can be attained:

For the record, most of the Seventeenth Shard uses the same method that greatly slows aging but doesn't stop it completely. We can assume that Galladon is one of the exceptions since as an Elantrian he's naturally immortal. We also can infer that the method the Seventeenth Shard uses doesn't require any specific powers because Baon has lived for as long as Khriss has and yet Brandon would say he's non-Invested. Khriss and Nazh presumably use it too. As an aside, Brandon would consider A-Cadmium to be a form of relativistic time travel and someone with sufficient metal reserves could get themselves 'pretty far' with it..

In theory it should be possible for at least some kinds of voidspren to manifest as blades. We know that Seons and Skaze could do it because they work on similar principles, but they'd need something to pull them more into the Physical Realm. With Nahel Bond spren, the pulling method is built into the way the bond functions. With other forms of sapient Investiture that we've seen so far it isn't, so you'd need to figure out how to do that. Moash's knife is implied to be godmetal and it worked pretty well. As to the other point, this would depend on what sort of control Odium is able to exert over which voidspren bond. Ignoring the Nahel spren that Sja-anat corrupts for now, if the ones that form bonds with humans aren't fully sapient then it's probably a non-issue because they'll just do whatever thing they were meant to. On the other hand, if a sapient voidspren forms a bond and the pair does whatever's needed to pull the spren into the Physical gets done, it's possible for it to choose to do so even if Odium doesn't want that to happen. Recall that Honor didn't teach the spren how to bond humans and become blades, they did that on their own by copying what they'd observed of the Honorblades. A sapient voidspren should be able to do the same thing. But to go with @Dunkum's point, the voidspren we've seen bonding both humans and singers so far appear to be less than fully sapient and are probably not compatable with manifesting as a blade. We don't know enough about the ones that bonded Amaram's soldiers but we see through Venlii what the voidspren bonds do to the singers. With Timbre containing the voidspren, Venlii's free to think and act entirely for herself while still getting the benefits of Envoyform. I don't think the spren involved in Regal bonds are intelligent enough to do more than their nature dictates and Odium certainly wouldn't want to place himself in a position where that could happen since it would badly hamper his control over his forces.

Welcome to the Shard and hope you enjoy yourself here! Yeah, when you're at a signing Brandon will usually throw in something like that which is meant to represent a key element or moment from the book. Way of Kings had 'Bridge Four' and Edgedancer had 'Are you listening?', for some other examples. It's a cool little touch and if you haven't started reading the book at the time of the signing it also gives you a hint of what you're about to get yourself into. xD

Just being a mistborn already counts as having way too many powers to develop a Resonance and Hoid's become one so even if he had an exceptionally limited number of magics before that point and did have a Resonance, he wouldn't after using the lerasium. But yes, a Resonance effect between magic systems from different worlds should be possible as long as you don't have too many of them.

I'm not seeing a problem here, we know that the Investiture was already there by the time of the Shattering and that no Shard had to be there to create that system. It's in one of the WoBs I linked and there are more where Brandon has confirmed it. We also get from Khriss in Arcanum Unbounded that almost all the inhabited worlds in the Cosmere were such pre-Shattering and there's no reason to think that First of the Sun is one of the few exceptions. Fair point on the first, but perhaps the bond is what Autonomy fiddled with rather than the Talents, and the Aviar were for some reason the best candidates for that. Sak's Talent being new doesn't really affect the argument about how the 'hiding lifesense' one could be explained in evolutionary terms because hers is a completely different Talent, while the one Kokerlii grants is native to the Pantheon. There is ambient Investiture on all Shardworlds, what distinguishes the 'major' ones from the 'minor' ones is method of access and raw power. The latter was also in the (admittedly long) WoB I linked previously.

My guess is that it's simiilar to how life on Roshar evolved to take advantage of the ambient Investiture. Various flora and fauna on the islands developed Cognitive abilities to either track prey or lure it and the Aviar (or at least one species) developed a way to protect themselves and anyone bonded to them from this. We've already seen how Investiture can work that way, since BioChroma includes 'lifesense'. There must be a similar principle at work since Brandon's even told us that an Aviar would interfere with lifesense, As for why the Aviar are unique in being able to bond with humans and share their talent and why theirs is through symbiosis rather than being apparently innate, it's possible that Autonomy fiddled with the system to make it possible as we know that a Shard has tinkered with the world by the time of the story.

Asked and answered:

Just because there were only two there during the time of WoA doesn't mean that there couldn't have been more spare beads there before that Rashek did something with or moved to another location as a backup plan.

While we don't know much about Shard-to-Shard combat, we do know a bit about Rayse, specifically that he doesn't like to commit any more than he needs to. This is why he doesn't want to Invest in a world, with what he's done in the Rosharan System being an inevitable result of how long he's been trapped there and (probably) some realization that he needs to stick his Shardic neck out a bit more in terms of how much power he's committing in order to win. We also know that he's had to learn how to fight other Shards as he's gone along and the killing of Devotion and Dominion produced a side-effect he didn't intend and wouldn't want to repeat in the future. One imagines that there are faster ways to kill another Shard than what he's done before (where two out of three examples were protracted affairs and we don't know enough about D&D to say how long it took) similar to how Vin and Ati's clash was more or less an instantaneous matter*. He's also noted to be extremely selfish and according to the Stormfather he's been wounded before and the 'scars' a Shard bears don't heal, so he's going to play it as safe as possible. Ergo, Rayse will probably always opt for the method that puts him at the least risk of being hurt himself even if it takes longer. And for something as powerful as a Shard, even a relatively quick method of killing may take centuries. * I know this had a lot to do with how perfectly opposed Preservation and Ruin were, but I doubt that this method of combat can only be done between such opposing Shards.

FYI, the intents of the Shards don't work that way as they're by definition not inwardly-directed.

Not all Investiture requires a literal 'fuel' to function. Even allomancy isn't actually fueled by the metals, they're just the key that tells Preservation's Investiture what to do. Someone powered by the Mists for example can use the Investiture without needing metal to act as that go-between. AonDor is another example; you need to know the Aons and the modifiers and take the time to draw them but all the power comes from the Dor, which is effectively infinite. For the Aviar and Ashyn's disease-magic, you have to keep the thing that's actually providing the link to the Investiture alive. The worms the Aviar eat have adapted to that particular internal environment and as long as the bird stays alive and sufficiently healthy that the worm can thrive, all is well. The bacteria that perform a similar function on Ashyn are necessarily short-lived because the host's immune system will try to fight it off, but as long as it's present they have that link to the Investiture and can make use of it. Actually it's the opposite; no Shard ever needed to be present on First of the Sun for what we see there to have happened and no Shard was present to create the magic. That said, the Investiture there is Autonomy's and Patji is one of Bavadin's avatars.

It would probably be a lot safer to transition to the Cognitive and then use Aon Tia from that side. You don't have to worry about a third dimension for modifier purposes, you don't have nearly as many factors to keep track of because you don't need to know relative positions of the planets (just what direction your destintion is in) and if you screw up you're looking at a long walk back but it's not going to be instantly fatal like screwing up in the Physical Realm where you're very likely to end up in the vacuum of space. Well, unless the world you're trying to reach has a weird subastral you aren't prepared for.

Sazed admits to Wax in Era 2 that he's not all-knowing, even after three centuries of getting used to his power. We see that his understanding has grown with time, consider how he only got the barest idea of Adonalsium at the time he gave Spook the book but three centuries later he knows more. It's quite possible he didn't know that another lerasium bead existed at that time. It's also possible that he did know and was deliberately keeping that fact a secret to avoid sending any number of people off on a quest to find more of the stuff. If the idea that there were originally sixteen beads is true (Brandon called it an excellent guess wtihout confirming or denying it) then there should be several more beads unaccounted for which Sazed might be aware of but which he doesn't want the population as a whole to know about. Could be he knows where they are and is protecting them in case he ever needs to make somebody a mistborn (without expending more of his own power to either create a new bead or rewire a spiritweb like he did with Spook) or he just wants to avoid setting off a potential conflict as people try to find them and possess that powe for themselves.

'Fuzz' was the result of Preservation sacrificing most of his mind to trap Ruin, but that was still Leras and not a Cognitive Shadow. Note how when 'Fuzz' dies Leras' original body coalesces and drops back into the Physical Realm, just like how Ati and Vin's bodies appear after their mutual death. Leras wasn't dead before that point, therefore he had no Cognitive Shadow. This WoB is relevant: The 'must be RAFO'd' bit is refering to the behind the scenes goings-on in Secret History, which he couldn't talk about or it would have spoiled the surprise. Now, Leras or Ati (likewise Vin) could have become Cognitive Shadows after their deaths because having held that much power, they could permanently resist being pulled Beyond if they chose; they simply didn't want to. The Nightwatcher is not a Cognitive Shadow but a Splinter that's associated with Cultivation in a somewhat similar manner that the Stormfather is associated with Honor, but she can't be a CS of Cultivation because Cultivation is still very much alive and a separate entity.

Yeah, there's the conversation early in the book between Adolin and Renarin when the latter comments that the normal horses don't fit with Roshar's ecosystem, foreshadowing what we learn from the Eila Stele. The Ryshadium were horses that managed to adapt over time via spren bonds.

Well, Brandon has said that you could use molten metal in feruchemy but it would be 'nasty' and affect the Investiture, so I imagine that it should be possible to use A-Iron/Steel on molten metals as well.

This is exactly why aluminum is the Cosmere-wide Investiture sink.

There are sixteen Shards of Adonalsium so yes. There are other numbers with significance on different planets, such as ten being significant on Roshar; these numbers are associated with the planets rather than the Shards directly.

NOPE. And the same WoB where Brandon says that also says there's no multiverse to the Cosmere: