I'd note that I won't be putting in questions that already have an answer (except for RAFO questions, which I will mark with RAFO). I'll answer any such questions the best I can.
Basically, I want to minimize the fluff and get the very best questions we can possibly come up with.
Yes, I am going to critique the questions. If, after I object, you still want a given question answered, I'll put it in the list.
1. I can still put this in the list, if you'd like, but maybe I can help illuminate you. I think of it that there are sixteen fragments of Adonalsium--the power of creation. So, I'm finding your question a little vague. Brandon could answer with "It's the power of creation, but a different fragment of it", since its obviously a different Shard responsible. Or he could be really clever and say "No, it's not the same power of creation", being coy and referring to the fact that different Shards have a different portion of that power of creation.
2. Where'd you get the idea that Endowment's Shardholder is a girl? Unless you have a rigorous objection to me rephrasing it to "Endowment's Shardholder" instead of "cognitive mind of Endowment" (which is redundant, really), I'd like to make that change.
3. Putting it in the list for now (with editing the name ClayShan-> ChayShan, which someone helpfully noted in a different topic), but this needs to be discussed in the Elantris magics thread. ChayShan doesn't fuel from the body, I think, because it draws upon an external source to boost his strength. This suggests to me that ChayShan is pretty different from Feruchemy. But that's something to discuss later.
4. Want me to edit your definition of Splinter to say "a large portion of a Shard"? Under your current definition, everyone on Scadrial is a Splinter, since they have bits of Preservation and Ruin inside. Size makes a difference.
6. RAFO'd.
I'm making a Silly section of questions just for you, Will.
Silus is right. Virtually every topic in this forum has spoilers to everything, so I'm not requiring anyone use them here.
1. Answered below.
3. You think they are structured differently? How do you figure? Every Hemalurgic property steals from its respective quadrants. You don't have aluminum stealing Allomantic abilities that are outside of the Enhancement quadrant. Physical metals steal physical properties. I think you're seeing something that doesn't exist...
4. This is always a good one to reiterate.
Think of the age trick like this. Feruchemy stores your own power. Allomancy draws power from Preservation. Thus, burning your Feruchemical storage not only gives you the power you stored, but also extremely augmented, since Preservation's power is enhancing it.
What about brass? Well, since Soothing is not a Feruchemical power, then that argument does not apply. I'd imagine the Lord Ruler is a brass savant, for one thing (it's pretty much a given, considering how long he burned it). Brandon also said in the annotations that the Lord Ruler used Hemalurgy to pull off his most astonishing tricks, so that could have something to do with it.