As of right now I'm going to split the second theory into two different parts. I will start with the rules.
Note: Forgive my academic mumbo jumbo that sounds fancier and more in depth than it really is.
Logos is a concept most people I've talked to have heard of from Aristotle's analysis of argument, as the logical component of an argument. The concept of logos goes way beyond that. Logos is an important concept for religious Greeks, Jews, and Christians. I will start with the Greeks. Logos, besides meaning word and logic, has a mystical aspect to it. To the Greeks logos was what "ruled over the gods". Logos was a force of the universe, not a god, but like a god. Logos was the main reason for everything being the way it was in the universe, and even the gods had to act inside of logos' parameters.
So how does this connect with the cosmere? Well as I talked about in my earlier post, the shardholders are granted extraordinary powers but it seems that they have random restrictions placed on them. While Mad_Scientist and Chaos already pointed out the connection between the Greek gods and the shardholders. Now I cannot prove that the same restrictions are put on each shardholder, yet I think Chaos's principal of intent may be one of those restrictions. Perhaps the inability for Ruin to read human's minds might be another, I don't have enough information to really prove this.
Now onto the Jewish concept of Logos. To the Jewish Logos was a way to reconnect with God. The logical workings of the universe were God's workings in the world. Again the logos was a part of God but not god. The Jews adapted this concept from the Greeks. Taking a polytheistic concept and making it fit in to a monotheistic religion.
Again what does this have to do with the cosmere? Well that goes into my next theory that I will post later rather than boring you all to death with more religious ramblings.
And on to the Christian concept of Logos. To Christians Jesus is the logos. God sent his son, the word and logic, to reconnect with his creations and save them. Which is outlined ine the first passage of the gospel of John "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made. In him was life, and that life was the light of men. The light shines in the darkness, but the darkness has not understood it.The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the One and Only, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth." Not to ruin the story of Jesus for you but when he dies comes back from the dead as a zombie and then goes back to heaven a new part of god is sent down to the world, the holy spirit. Most christians who believe in the trinity of Father, Son, and The Holy Ghost believe that the holy ghost is logos.
So a guy has a power that allows him to do all kind of magical things through the power of an abstract concept called logos and when he dies the logos is left in the world to help everyone reconnect to him? It sounds a little bit like what happened with Honor and The Almighty. The only problem is that there is no real confirmed God or power controlling all the events in the cosmere. We don't even really have proof that there is a concept like Logos in the cosmere. Although it is my opinion that there is. We will have to wait for more information though, as always. As for having a monotheistic God in the cosmere, well that is my next post.