If we are talking about Elhokar cutting his saddle strap that it was not because he was trying to "frame Dalinar". He was trying to get Dalinar to think he wasn't just paranoid, that someone was trying to kill him. Dalinar "disciplining" the king because of the unfortunate side effect that was Dalinar being implicated in the plot.
We don't really understand what abilities the heralds had but it is generally thought they would share the same surges as their respective order. In which case she would not have Transportation as a surge, she would have Transformation and Illumination.
Actually, Roshar is the homeworld to both Honor and Cultivation, they settled there together. Odium does have his own world, Braize, but the third shardworld in the system plays host to a currently unknown Shard or Shards.
I don't think her recording her observations would have any restricting effect. The ardents had to actively measure the spren, not just make observations.
hehe... For a quite a while it was an acknowledged "fact" here on the forums that shardblades were stored in the Spiritual Realm. Then we realized that the only WoB we had on it was in reality a RAFO... (this is why we should always try to link to our sources, to prevent the spread of not-really-facts)
I'm not sure if I agree with the premise of what you are trying to say. But I can definitely say that Skybreakers aren't named for Pressure, since they don't have it. Gravity is the surge shared between them. Pressure is between the Windrunners and Order 10. The Skybreakers' other surge is Divison.
That was a long-standing theory but someone asked Brandon about it and he said no, Shard's don't all have an associated color. Preservation and Ruin being represented by white/black has more to do with them being opposites (or something along those lines, I'll try and find the quote).
It has been a subject of much debate on the reasons why, but it is mentioned in the book that it is impossible to Soulcast gems. My personal theory is that it is just a quirk of the magic system, similar to how aluminum can't be Pushed/Pulled.
Hmm... well I could make a guess. There is that theory that shardblades are the result of the Radiants' Nahel bonds with their spren. And I'm sort of toying with the idea that the Heralds were Nahel Bonded to Honor himself in my Dawnsingers are the Radiant Bonding spren theory (yes that was a shameless plug, deal with it). So if those are both true, I would think "Honorblade" would be a fitting name for the result... Hopefully that made sense. It's getting late, so it might not.
He's from an unpublished book, White Sand. Some of those who have read it (not me) have a pretty good idea who he is but they can't discuss it here on the forums.
I sincerely doubt it. They might share their physical DNA but their spiritweb. Not to mention they would have different "Identities". Their metalminds would treat them as two separate people.