Hmm, this is a good thread.
The Flamespren experiment was definitively a quantum mechanics reference, and of Quantum entanglement especially. As I understand it, when two particles are Quantumly entangled, then by measuring the state of one, you know the state of the other. It's pretty simply explained at http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement
It also involved a spren variant of Heisenberg's principle, so that when one spren was measured, it's size was set in stone and no longer in a state of flux, as they normally appear to be. As the two were quantumly entangled, it too affixed the state of the other, or that's how I understood it.
I do however think that Brandon is more giving science a nod than painstakingly having every detail fit. As someone said earlier, the story comes first, though he certainly has been quite accurate to this point. This makes the books more believable, and makes discussing the science behind the magic more fun, as we fans could actually come to logical conclusions based on the hard set rules, rather than having to get all our info from Brandon. Also, I agree with the Captain, having these small examples in the extra chapters is fun, but if Brandon has to give lengthy explanations it would kind of ruin it for a lot of fantasy readers who are not so scientifically inclined. I personally love these little snippets, but I do like lengthy, almost non relevant explanations in books (It's what makes Discworld so good, and this short set-in-middle-earth Russian novels which goes on at length about how things looked from the other side http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Ringbearer).
LLAP!