Calderis

There is an old WoB that says that burning a Hemalurgic spike would graft the spike into your soul. 
But we have a more recent one that contradicts that. 
Personally, I think it would "compound" and you'd get an excessive amount of the Hemalurgic trait for the duration of the burn... Which could be monstrous, or fatal. 
But I also think it's an integral part of making medallions. 
 

We've seen the effects of glimpsing the Spiritual directly as a being who is less than a Shard, and it is both overwhelming and not easily retained. 
Elend only really managed to use it to his effect because what was needed of him was immediate and had no time to fade away. 
As far as what I think happened... I think that the Lord Ruler did do that at one point and it did effect his actions for the future. He had with his powers, absolutely no reason whatsoever to believe that anyone would be able to kill him... 
And yet we have the storage caches. So while he probably didn't see the particulars, he did see a probable outcome in which he would die and the people as a whole who he was attempting to preserve would need the information he'd surpressed and the food and materials he'd hoarded in those caches to start rebuilding. 

Lift has to be able to metabolize something to convert it to investiture. 
And the Investiture in a metalmind would still be keyed to someone else. 

It was a FAQ Friday answer on Facebook. 
 

Pretty sure this is what you're looking for. 
As far as "color" goes that's only perceived by the individual... I'm not sure that would work, as what is drained is not just perception, but actually the physical objects. 
For example, you can't drain light shining from a colored bulb, but you can drain the bulb. 
 

With Aether being non-canon, we have absolutely no idea of it place in the timeline as far as I'm aware. 
So much has been stripped from that story, that Brandon currently has Aethers themselves as a pre-shattering magic system, though that may change. 
The only real clue we have is that it would happen prior to Warbreaker, because... 
 

It's still attached to the body. It's still living flesh as it doesn't rot, or Hobber would have died from sepsis. 
So I think it would function like a paralyzed limb. You can't move or feel it, but it would heal normally, but bloodless from a wound of which you're unaware is a real concern 

The Mistborn or Misting occurance only refers to natural born Allomancy. 
Lerasium is additive, and alterations to the spiritweb made by it are both specific, and cumulative. 
An alteration made to the spiritweb to become a Misting should in effect be the same as spiking the power in, only more efficient and without the need for murder. 

It's cyclical. And regardless of if it's present in all realms there's still a focal point where it exists most heavily. Investiture can transition like anything else. 
You have the physical manifestations of investiture. And for example with Stormlight... 
 

It should be able to block anything that the Aviar species that Kokerli is blocks, that's essentially a copper cloud. 
It's not going to offer any massive protections I think, but life sense, the detector fabrials, Bloodsealing's tracking... All that kind of stuff, and probably any mind reading or emotional manipulation. 

I'd say about 50/50.
A lot of the things Brandon has flat out said is coincidence (shash in both SA and Warbreaker, Aon Ati and Ati, multiple characters named Cob) and some of the things are intentional seeds. 
Which are which? No clue. Have fun with that. 

You don't even need to be compounder. 
And as to a Divine breath, it was able to heal Susebron's tongue even though he'd been without it for decades. I think it would function as a single burst of essentially "perfect" healing. While this one is more opinion than fact, I'm confident it would work. 

Considering Aon Tia and The Oathgates yes. 
The Spiritual Realm being used to "fold space" is really the only feasible realmatic explanation for teleportation. 
As far as just entering the spiritual realm... That's what Elend kind of did with Atium and duralumin. 
 

Pretty much any of them.
That's kind of what makes them noble houses, in a way. 

They could. 
 

This would vary depending on the source. He would definitely try to feed on a source, but that doesn't mean that he could. For instance
For the Dor... He can't even feed directly on them through a person in the same way.
As to what he does with his investiture. He leaks. The smoke/liquid that he emits is the investiture that he's absorbed leaking back out. 

Yeah, when I said eons I was meaning that it I don't think it's worth contemplating. Even if a metalmind did develop a mind, it would be something similar to Nightblood in the way that it functions. Thinking, feeling, maybe capable of speaking to others... But completely incapable of locomotion under its own power. 
The form of a metalmind additionally seems, in my mind, to be something that should add stability to the form of the investiture so that it actually takes longer to develop. 
So let me rephrase what I said earlier. I think that eventually a metalmind would gain a mind, but I don't think it would happen in a timeframe that we will ever witness. 

Larkin feed on investiture, period. 
As to whether they could forcibly take it... I don't think it would be an issue. Stormlight being held is keyed to the user, it's the same reason that Stormlight being used by Shardplate would be hard to draw in, and yet a Larkin could feed off that, so I don't see why breath would be treated any differently. 
 

I agree with R. They aren't formed merely by their opinion, but by the investiture that composes them and the concepts they embody. 
Just as a Shard will only be change  your mixing with another intent, a spren is what it is unless something else is mixed in. 

Riino (the man in the lighthouse) has been confirmed to be an Elantrian, hence his use of the word "Domi."
And the device which Kaladin used is something that requires investiture to access. In a realm of worldhoppers, Breath is probably one of the easier methods to gain investiture, as all you need to do is buy it.

The idea that a kind and generous person can't be connected to Ruin is somewhat undermined by the ending of HoA. 

Harmonium is an element unto itself. Not an alloy. 
https://wob.coppermind.net/events/35/#e2548
https://wob.coppermind.net/events/100/#e3640
It can't be split. 
That said, here is something ghat is left over after Harmonium burns. 
https://wob.coppermind.net/events/117/#e1663
 

365 * 24 = 8760 hours * 1.1 = 9636.
So a Rosharan year is the equivalent of 9636 earth hours... 
20 * 500 = 10000 Roshar hours in a year. Makes for easy math. A Rosharan hour is 0.9636 hours. 
I can't find an actual hour length for average pregnancy. But if we take the 38 week model 38 * 7 * 24 = 6384 hours. 
6384 / 0.9636 = 6625 (rounded down the 0.155) 
6625 Rosharan hours / 20 = 331 1/4 Rosharan days. 
So a Rosharan Pregnancy should last 331 days, or roughly 6 and a half months. 

It's a word that Brandon thinks he uses excessively, as its placement and frequency stands out at times... 
Kind of a writers tell. 

Having a dedicated person for Shallan makes sense. Different artists have different styles and for a characters artwork to all be done by the same person creates consistency. 
For the others... Some of them have in world counterparts. Two of the recently released endpapers for Oathbringer are done by Dan Dos Santos, and he was the inspiration for the in world figure Dandos the Oilsworn (note the similarities in the name). For others though... There will be good art and Brandon will use it without creating an in world figure. 
I think it really just comes down to how relevant it is. For a character like Shallan, consistency is key. For Dandos... It's all about how Brandon feels about the artist. I wouldn't be surprised if we see a name of an in world artist somewhere in the Cosmere who's name is similar to Whelan's as he's done a lot of artwork for Brandon.