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Safecracking with Cadmium


Eagle of the Forest Path

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First time starting a topic here, so be gentle please.

 

This is a theory about a possible application for a Pulser's slow-bubbles.

What startes me thinking on it was the following quote about speed-bubbles:

  

Kurkistan: Last question: If Wayne was inside of a speed bubble and punches somebody who's standing outside it, what's happening with his fist and them: are they like sucked into the bubble, or what?
Brandon: So, I have... So _exiting_ a speed bubble, while it's going, has _weird_ ramifications on lots of things. It would be really hard to punch somebody through a speed bubble-
Kurkistan: So would the surface like distend around his fist-
-<Illustrates with fist "stretching out" invisible film>
Brandon: It's going to steal your momentum, but if you actually managed to do it, then- yes. Anything in the speed bubble that's touching through is counted as being as part of the speed bubble.
Kurkistan: Okay, so the bubble would end here <Draws invisible surface in the air> and his fist would be out there <Illustrates by "punching" arm through the fake surface, demonstrating the fist extending past the bubble while he arm is within>, but still fast?
Brandon: Yes.
Kurkistan: Oh okay, thank you.
Brandon: That's how I would imagine it so far.
Kurkistan: But the bubble does _end_ at [the same place still, with the fist extending out past its boundary].
Brandon: The bubble does end, yes.
Kurkistan: <Makes pleasantries and goes to leave>
Brandon: And when you're punching through, it's going to- your momentum is gonna'- you're going to lose momentum and get a ricochet, because you're lurching from- <notices Kurkistan (very foolishly) acting like he's about to leave> anyway... I'll let you figure that one out on your own.

 

 

 

Specifically the bit about punching out of a speed-bubble stealing your momentum.

 

The normal formula for that is "momentum (p) equals mass (m) times distance(d) divided by time(t)"

 

->   p=(m*d)/t

 

From a Slider's perspective what happens outside of the bubble happens (let's say) 10 times faster, so his momentum when punching from inside to outside would be p=(m*d) /(10*t), 10 times less than normal.

 

If we turn that around for a Pulser it becomes p=(m*d) /(t/10), resulting in 10 times more momentum than if no time-bubbles were involved.

 

If you expand that to kinetic energy, which is equal to the momentum squared, divided by twice the mass, a Pulser punching out of their slow-bubble will be moving really slow, but they would be able to transfer 100 times the kinetic energy of a regular punch.

 

Now that could have a lot of uses in demolition, or maybe mining or quarrying, but to make the example interesting, I made my Pulser a criminal.

To avoid breaking the poor Pulser thief's hand, let's give him a sledgehammer. 

Now he managed to get into the bank itself, and is standing in front of the really heavy aluminum-covered steel vault door.

He raises his slow-bubble so that it is close to the door, but not touching, and he takes a swing through the boundary with his sledgehammer. Because he's experienced with cadmium, he can stretch time to 20 times slower than normal, so the hammer that could normally knock over a small part of a thin brick wall is suddenly 400 times more powerful, and knocks that door clean off it's hinges. (And since swinging a hammer doesn't really take longer than 5 or 6 seconds it's done in about 2 minutes outside time.)

 

I'd like to say I'm sure this is what happens, but it is of course also possible that the filthy allomancer scofflaw gets catapulted backwards into a wall by his own swing and dies from horrifying blunt force trauma.

 

What are your thoughts?

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I don't think this works.

 

Consider it from a frame of reference outside the bubble:

 

The person in the cadmium bubble swings his hammer 10x slower, and then when it exits the speed bubble it goes 10x faster... for a total speedup of 1x, ie. the same as if the person had never been in the bubble in the first place.

 

Yes, the cadmium bubble has to add energy, but it's still a waste because of how little energy there is inside the bubble in the first place.

 

From the Pulser's perspective, he just made his hammer swing really really fast the moment his hammer left the speed bubble... but to the regular world, which is what we care about, it's going at normal speed.

Edited by Moogle
i hate the names pulser/slider
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Now, the alternative, take the opposite power - if you're trying to crack a safe on a time budget, a Slider would be plenty useful.  Speed up time and give your safe expert plenty of extra time to decode the lock.

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I don't think this works.

 

Consider it from a frame of reference outside the bubble:

 

The person in the cadmium bubble swings his hammer 10x slower, and then when it exits the speed bubble it goes 10x faster... for a total speedup of 1x, ie. the same as if the person had never been in the bubble in the first place.

 

Yes, the cadmium bubble has to add energy, but it's still a waste because of how little energy there is inside the bubble in the first place.

 

From the Pulser's perspective, he just made his hammer swing really really fast the moment his hammer left the speed bubble... but to the regular world, which is what we care about, it's going at normal speed.

I think the point is that the safe would become a part of the bubble and so forces applied to it should be considered from that reference frame. Although either way you would break your arm. :P

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I think the point is that the safe would become a part of the bubble and so forces applied to it should be considered from that reference frame. Although either way you would break your arm. :P

 

If it were to become part of the bubble, then the hammer would not be leaving the bubble, so there would be no momentum amplification anyhow.

 

I do not this can work in any way, no matter how I arrange things in my head.

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If it were to become part of the bubble, then the hammer would not be leaving the bubble, so there would be no momentum amplification anyhow.

 

I do not this can work in any way, no matter how I arrange things in my head.

From the quote it seems like crossing the border is what causes the ricochet but you'd still be a part of the bubble.

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From the quote it seems like crossing the border is what causes the ricochet but you'd still be a part of the bubble.

It causes a ricochet for Wayne and his bendalloy bubble, because crossing the border in that case drains momentum.

I'm suggesting that crossing the border of a cadmium bubble would amplify momentum.

 

I don't think this works.

 

Consider it from a frame of reference outside the bubble:

 

The person in the cadmium bubble swings his hammer 10x slower, and then when it exits the speed bubble it goes 10x faster... for a total speedup of 1x, ie. the same as if the person had never been in the bubble in the first place.

 

Yes, the cadmium bubble has to add energy, but it's still a waste because of how little energy there is inside the bubble in the first place.

 

From the Pulser's perspective, he just made his hammer swing really really fast the moment his hammer left the speed bubble... but to the regular world, which is what we care about, it's going at normal speed.

 

When the hammer doesn't completely leave the bubble, it's considered as being inside the bubble, so no speedup, to the regular world it will be going really slow.

 

Let's try looking at this another way, because still objects make it more difficult to see.

 

You and I are standing on a flat piece of ice (or you're wearing roller skates, or standing on a skateboard, whatever). You're holding your arm towards me and I have to push you backwards over the ice by your arm. This means that I have to direct an amount of force every second, for the point of argument let's say 10 Newtons per second. This means you are receiving 10N per second, which results in you moving back over the ice. I expend less force, you move slower, more force and you move faster.

 

Now let's say you are a Pulser and your arm is extended toward me through the boundary of your slow-bubble. I direct my 10N per second through your arm to move you back over the ice. But because of the time difference, you can only receive 1N out of every 10N  I expend (if you dilate time by a factor of 10) because there is less time for it in which to affect you. So to move you back at the same speed I have to use 10 times more force. In other words I'm pushing you for 10 seconds at 10N per second (100N in total) but you can only experience 1 second at 10N.

 

Turn it around and let's have you push me back from inside your slow-bubble. My arm is extended in your direction, but outside of your bubble, you reach out of your bubble and push on my arm, because you are still partly inside the bubble you still move 10 times slower. You direct 10N at me over 1 second, bubble-time. Outside the bubble I receive 10N per second, but for 10 seconds real-time instead of just 1, so 100N in total.

 

So I guess I'm saying force expended stays constant, but directing it out of a cadmium bubble extends it to a larger period, meaning force received gets multiplied.

 

It works the other way around for bendalloy-bubbles.

 

I'll freely admit that I had to do some mental gymnastics to make this work (even a bit), because logically it should probably be the direct opposite, but we are talking about magic here.

I suppose Brandon felt Sliders were already powerful enough, so he gave them the "loss of momentum" rule, which should mean Pulsers get a power boost from inverting the principle.

 

@Sarge:

You don't really need any machine, just have a Skimmer swing the hammer, it'll take a lot to affect one of those.

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It causes a ricochet for Wayne and his bendalloy bubble, because crossing the border in that case drains momentum.

I'm suggesting that crossing the border of a cadmium bubble would amplify momentum.

 

 

When the hammer doesn't completely leave the bubble, it's considered as being inside the bubble, so no speedup, to the regular world it will be going really slow.

 

Let's try looking at this another way, because still objects make it more difficult to see.

 

You and I are standing on a flat piece of ice (or you're wearing roller skates, or standing on a skateboard, whatever). You're holding your arm towards me and I have to push you backwards over the ice by your arm. This means that I have to direct an amount of force every second, for the point of argument let's say 10 Newtons per second. This means you are receiving 10N per second, which results in you moving back over the ice. I expend less force, you move slower, more force and you move faster.

 

Now let's say you are a Pulser and your arm is extended toward me through the boundary of your slow-bubble. I direct my 10N per second through your arm to move you back over the ice. But because of the time difference, you can only receive 1N out of every 10N  I expend (if you dilate time by a factor of 10) because there is less time for it in which to affect you. So to move you back at the same speed I have to use 10 times more force. In other words I'm pushing you for 10 seconds at 10N per second (100N in total) but you can only experience 1 second at 10N.

 

Turn it around and let's have you push me back from inside your slow-bubble. My arm is extended in your direction, but outside of your bubble, you reach out of your bubble and push on my arm, because you are still partly inside the bubble you still move 10 times slower. You direct 10N at me over 1 second, bubble-time. Outside the bubble I receive 10N per second, but for 10 seconds real-time instead of just 1, so 100N in total.

 

So I guess I'm saying force expended stays constant, but directing it out of a cadmium bubble extends it to a larger period, meaning force received gets multiplied.

 

It works the other way around for bendalloy-bubbles.

 

I'll freely admit that I had to do some mental gymnastics to make this work (even a bit), because logically it should probably be the direct opposite, but we are talking about magic here.

I suppose Brandon felt Sliders were already powerful enough, so he gave them the "loss of momentum" rule, which should mean Pulsers get a power boost from inverting the principle.

 

@Sarge:

You don't really need any machine, just have a Skimmer swing the hammer, it'll take a lot to affect one of those.

The force doesn't change at all, it's just the acceleration that's different. If you exert 10N of force on a 1kg object through a 10x slowed bubble then that object will accelerate backwards at 10 m.s^-2 but since it's in 10x slowed time it'll seem to you like it's only moving back at 1m.s^-2, but the force remains the same.

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The force doesn't change at all, it's just the acceleration that's different. If you exert 10N of force on a 1kg object through a 10x slowed bubble then that object will accelerate backwards at 10 m.s^-2 but since it's in 10x slowed time it'll seem to you like it's only moving back at 1m.s^-2, but the force remains the same.

 

Actually, since the object is outside the bubble and you are inside, if the object is moving backwards at 10m/s² in real time, then it would appear to be moving 100m/s² from inside a cadmium bubble.

 

I probably went wrong trying to put this in story form.

 

So one last try.

 

t°= T . t'

Where 

t° is objective time (not in a time-bubble)

t' is subjective time (in a time-bubble)

and T is the Temporal Factor, how much time is compressed (bendalloy) or stretched (cadmium)

 

The formula for force is F = m.d/ t² (Force equals mass times distance divided by the square of the duration)

 

Now look at the formula in subjective and objective time

 

F' = m.d/ t'² 

F° = m.d/ t°²                             and we know that t°= T . t'

<=>    F° = m.d/ (T . t')²

<=>    F° = m.d/ T² . t'²

<=>    F° = F' / T²         (Objective force equals subjective force divided by the square of the temporal factor)

(Or: The force generated inside a time bubble is inversely proportional to the square of the temporal factor)

 

Up to here I shouldn't be running into too much opposition, I hope.

 

For every objective second that passes, 10 seconds pass in a bendalloy speed-bubble so  t°= 10.t' => T = 10

With a cadmium slow-bubble it's the reverse => t°= 1/10.t' => T = 1/10

 

Plug that into the last Force equation and you get

F° = F' / 100

for a bendalloy bubble

F° = F' . 100

for a cadmium bubble

 

If this remains true when directing that force through the bubbles boundary, then a slider can only exert 1/100 of the force he could exert without burning bendalloy, and a pulser can exert 100 times the force he could exert without burning cadmium.

 

I really can't do any better than this, so I promise I won't be pushing my interpretation on you any further. If I haven't convinced anyone by now, I obviously never will.

(*grumble* Just wait till the relevant book comes out *grumble* you'll be eating your words *grumble* :P)

 

PS: Every formula printed in a book means that book will only sell half the number of copies than without the formula. If this hold true here, then this post will be read by 1,3 people.

Edited by EagleOfTheForestPath
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Actually, since the object is outside the bubble and you are inside, if the object is moving backwards at 10m/s² in real time, then it would appear to be moving 100m/s² from inside a cadmium bubble.

 

I probably went wrong trying to put this in story form.

 

So one last try.

 

t°= T . t'

Where 

t° is objective time (not in a time-bubble)

t' is subjective time (in a time-bubble)

and T is the Temporal Factor, how much time is compressed (bendalloy) or stretched (cadmium)

 

The formula for force is F = m.d/ t² (Force equals mass times distance divided by the square of the duration)

 

Now look at the formula in subjective and objective time

 

F' = m.d/ t'² 

F° = m.d/ t°²                             and we know that t°= T . t'

<=>    F° = m.d/ (T . t')²

<=>    F° = m.d/ T² . t'²

<=>    F° = F' / T²         (Objective force equals subjective force divided by the square of the temporal factor)

(Or: The force generated inside a time bubble is inversely proportional to the square of the temporal factor)

 

Up to here I shouldn't be running into too much opposition, I hope.

 

For every objective second that passes, 10 seconds pass in a bendalloy speed-bubble so  t°= 10.t' => T = 10

With a cadmium slow-bubble it's the reverse => t°= 1/10.t' => T = 1/10

 

Plug that into the last Force equation and you get

F° = F' / 100

for a bendalloy bubble

F° = F' . 100

for a cadmium bubble

 

If this remains true when directing that force through the bubbles boundary, then a slider can only exert 1/100 of the force he could exert without burning bendalloy, and a pulser can exert 100 times the force he could exert without burning cadmium.

 

I really can't do any better than this, so I promise I won't be pushing my interpretation on you any further. If I haven't convinced anyone by now, I obviously never will.

(*grumble* Just wait till the relevant book comes out *grumble* you'll be eating your words *grumble* :P)

 

PS: Every formula printed in a book means that book will only sell half the number of copies than without the formula. If this hold true here, then this post will be read by 1,3 people.

My incredibly pedantic brain would like you to know that you should really be using displacement not distance since Force is a vector :P

The problem is that when you convert that force back into acceleration (ie. it's being exerted on something) it goes straight back to only being relative to each timeframe, so to an object outside the bubble the punch would only be as strong as a normal punch, though to people inside the bubble it would seem stronger, but only in the sense that all forces outside would seem stronger since the acceleration is relatively speaking a lot faster.

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My incredibly pedantic brain would like you to know that you should really be using displacement not distance since Force is a vector :P

The problem is that when you convert that force back into acceleration (ie. it's being exerted on something) it goes straight back to only being relative to each timeframe, so to an object outside the bubble the punch would only be as strong as a normal punch, though to people inside the bubble it would seem stronger, but only in the sense that all forces outside would seem stronger since the acceleration is relatively speaking a lot faster.

 

But I can't make the little arrow thingy for vectors in this text editor!  :o

 

IMO that's directly contrary to the WoB in the OP i.e. (just to get another abbreviation in there) Wayne wouldn't get a ricochet when punching out of his speed-bubble if it was as strong as a normal punch. (QED :P)

 

(PS This isn't contrary to my resolution of halting my pushing, since I didn't start my theory from the beginning all over again)

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But I can't make the little arrow thingy for vectors in this text editor!  :o

 

IMO that's directly contrary to the WoB in the OP i.e. (just to get another abbreviation in there) Wayne wouldn't get a ricochet when punching out of his speed-bubble if it was as strong as a normal punch. (QED :P)

 

(PS This isn't contrary to my resolution of halting my pushing, since I didn't start my theory from the beginning all over again)

Ricochet is generally a sign of a change in direction, not magnitude.

A an aside,  bolding variables is pretty standard for denoting a vector at my university. So now you have no excuse :P

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But by what is a ricochet caused?

 

I'll try to keep the bolding in mind from now on, Voidus. As another aside, did you like my strikethrough T as a symbol for temporal compression factor? (If one already exists for that... wow)

 

 

PS Message to every reader: If you don't agree with my theory, do please suggest an alternative, I am genuinely interested.

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But by what is a ricochet caused?

 

I'll try to keep the bolding in mind from now on, Voidus. As another aside, did you like my strikethrough T as a symbol for temporal compression factor? (If one already exists for that... wow)

 

 

PS Message to every reader: If you don't agree with my theory, do please suggest an alternative, I am genuinely interested.

Weird magic time bubbles? I've honestly tried to figure it out and couldn't come up with anything. :P

I did like it and as far as I know there are no conventions for how to dictate a temporal compression factor, although you never know, physics is going in some weird places this last century.

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I will agree on your force equations for the sake of argument - as in, I will agree that those equations will govern the "measured force" (for non-relativistic things anyways), but not your conclusions. (And this is only for the sake of argument; see below.)

 

Again, I think you're looking at the frames of reference wrong. The theoretical Pulser will observe that he is exerting 100x the force when pushing on something outside his bubble, but look at it from the frame of reference to someone outside the bubble: inside the bubble, the Pulser exerts 1/100th of the force he normally does.

 

Sure, he's going to exert 100x the force... but he's always exerting 1/100th of the force he normally does, so he's just going to end up giving the object a "normal" push from our normal frame of reference. There's no force multiplication here.

 


 

This is assuming a lot of things; I personally don't believe the Pulser would even be capable of exerting a normal push. Everything in the time bubble is moving 10x slower, so it stands to reason that Pulsers would only be able to weakly push on things outside the time bubble, eg. the mass/inertia of things outside the time bubble will seem to be 10x larger to someone inside a cadmium bubble.

Edited by Moogle
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Well, I'm glad you agree with my force equations, even if it is only for the sake of argument. What do you mean by "measured force"?

 

I stand by my equations, but it's quite possible that I am indeed getting my frames of reference wrong, but only as to which bubble gets which Temporal compression factor (I might have switched x and 1/x, it gets confusing to translate text to formula  :unsure:). But the conclusion I arrived at (including x and 1/x) is the only way I can see to reconcile classical mechanics with Brandon's bendalloy-bubble "losing momentum" comment in the OP. (Of course this is using what I remember of my high school physics from a decade ago + Wikipedia, so don't shoot me if I got it wrong.)

 

From where are you getting "inside the bubble, the Pulser exerts 1/100th of the force he normally does.", Moogle?  I can't seem to find a source for that.

 

And finally, it might be foolhardy of me to say this to a moderator, but I don't accept "it stands to reason" as a valid argument. (After all, it stands to reason that the sun moves around the earth, right? ;))

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Physics and I have never really been on the friendliest terms (the "Auotpwail" in my member title stands for "Actual understanding of the physical world and its limits"), so I'll just stay out of this one...

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Oh. All this time, I thought it was just a joke on the phrase "autofail", meaning autocorrect did a lousy job, as in, you're trying to say you're a victim of Autofail, but autocorrect failed and wrote it as "autopwail"... Learn something new.

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We really should be treating this as an energy equivalence problem.

 

Assumptions:

-Conservation of energy exists across the boundary of the Bendalloy bubble.

-The bubble acts as an ideal linear spring with spring constant k

Proof

-The work done by the punch is its force applied through a distance.

-[W=Fd]

-The energy dissipated by the bubble is that of an ideal linear spring

-[E=1/2*k*d^2]

-The energy contained in an uninterrupted punch is

-[E=F1d]

-The energy of an interrupted punch assuming the punch is started at the boundary of the bubble is

-[E=F2d+1/2*k*d^2]

-The total energy of the system is then

-[F1*d = F2*d + 1/2k*d^2]

-Solve for the Force of the interrupted punch

-[F2 = F1 – 1/2*k*d]

-The momentum of the punch would be

-[p=F*t]

-The bubble ratio is rate at which time flows inside of the bubble divided by the rate at which time flows outside the bubble

-[y = t1/t2]

-The momentum percentage that makes it out of the bubble is

-[p2/p1 = F2/F1 * 1/y = (F1 – k*d/2)/F1 * 1/y = (1 – k*d/2*F1)/y]

 

-If the punch hits the barrier d-d2 of the way into the punch, the momentum ratio is higher, since the barrier will deflect only d2, not the whole of d

-[F1*d = F2*d + k*d2^2/2,]

-[F2 = F1 – k*d2^2/(2*d)]

-[p2/p1 = F2/F1 * 1/y = (F1 – k*d2^2/(2*d))/F1 * 1/y = (1-k*d2^2/(2*d*F1))/y]

 

I hope this is clear. It is hard to write math with this interface.

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Well, I'm glad you agree with my force equations, even if it is only for the sake of argument. What do you mean by "measured force"?

 

A Pulser sees an object move so far under a constant force in a given length of time, and they use this to calculate a force. I was trying to emphasize that it's important to keep the reference frame in mind.

 

From where are you getting "inside the bubble, the Pulser exerts 1/100th of the force he normally does.", Moogle?  I can't seem to find a source for that.

 

From the perspective of someone outside the bubble, everything in the cadmium bubble is moving 10x slower (10 chosen for ease of use, not sure what the actual number is). Therefore, using your equations, from the perspective of the outside of the bubble everything inside the bubble must be exerting 1/100th of the force when it moves around/is moved by gravity/etc. Do you disagree?

 

And finally, it might be foolhardy of me to say this to a moderator, but I don't accept "it stands to reason" as a valid argument. (After all, it stands to reason that the sun moves around the earth, right? ;))

 

I wouldn't worry about the moderator thing. You're welcome to call my arguments awful all you'd like. It's not like being a moderator makes your theories or arguments any better. Maybe I should turn my signature into something like "avoid authority bias!" in gigantic letters.

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I wouldn't worry about the moderator thing. You're welcome to call my arguments awful all you'd like. It's not like being a moderator makes your theories or arguments any better. Maybe I should turn my signature into something like "avoid authority bias!" in gigantic letters.

 That's a relief!  :lol: I wasn't trying to imply anything about you, but I've seen trouble on another forum in the past... it got nasty toward the end, so I'm a bit skittish about it.

 

A Pulser sees an object move so far under a constant force in a given length of time, and they use this to calculate a force. I was trying to emphasize that it's important to keep the reference frame in mind.

 

I realize that the frame of reference is important, but when dealing with magic time bubbles which by definition defy laws of physics (if not causality itself), can we really be certain which frame to use for calculations? I've picked one and you've picked another. I believe my point of view is supported by that WoB, but he's been known to change his mind, so who knows what he'll decide on in the end. (I'm referring to the anchoring time-bubbles issue)

 

 

 

-The bubble ratio is rate at which time flows inside of the bubble divided by the rate at which time flows outside the bubble

-[y = t1/t2]

 If t2 is normal time-flow rate, wouldn't that always be 1? Making dividing by it rather pointless? Unless you're anticipating multi-bubble issues. (I'm getting a headache just imagining that  :P)

 

-The momentum percentage that makes it out of the bubble is

-[p2/p1 = F2/F1 * 1/y = (F1 – k*d/2)/F1 * 1/y = (1 – k*d/2*F1)/y]

p2 is "bubbled" momentum? 

Percentage: if p2/p1 = 10 you do mean that would be 1000%, not 10%, right?

 

I hope this is clear. It is hard to write math with this interface.

Amen to that! I think I managed to follow most of it, though, and it looks well thought out.

Not completely sure, but I think you're (mostly) agreeing with me? (yay! vindication! maybe...)

Edited by EagleOfTheForestPath
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 I realize that the frame of reference is important, but when dealing with magic time bubbles which by definition defy laws of physics (if not causality itself), can we really be certain which frame to use for calculations? I've picked one and you've picked another. I believe my point of view is supported by that WoB, but he's been known to change his mind, so who knows what he'll decide on in the end. (I'm referring to the anchoring time-bubbles issue)

 

You can generally choose any frame of reference and everything should work out the same. Not quite the same - there's issues if you pick a frame of reference which is accelerating relative to another one, but in our situation here it shouldn't matter. (Also, relativisitic frames of reference get a little screwy, and maybe we should be concerned about that with spacetime changing, but...)

 

If you'd prefer a frame of reference from the inside of the bubble: 

 

In your model, everything that is outside the bubble that someone views from inside the bubble should be moving as if time were 10x faster - which is to say, an observer inside the bubble will think everything outside the bubble is affected by forces 100x stronger. Put another way, the cadmium user is 1/100th as strong as the things outside the bubble if they were equal in strength before burning cadmium. Do you disagree?

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I see your point, but I can't agree with it.

 

If I follow your reasoning for a bendalloy bubble, then everything outside is affected by forces 1/100 as strong, which would mean that a Slider punching out of his bubble should gain momentum, not lose it (which is what happens, per WoB)

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