Purity affects metal loss, as impurities are removed during the Cast (e.g you'd lose, say, 40% of the metal trying to Cast rusty iron). I'm not set yet on why metals are the focus, but they're just tied into the worldbuilding I've been doing. Due to the value of Castable metals, the world is being rampantly strip-mined, and metals are basically driving the economy. Not sure what you mean by electrons, I never did physics...
Thanks for all the suggestions!