A sword may be traditionally a lethal weapon, but keep in mind that if the length of the blade is dependent on rare materials, you're making a tool that you don't have to worry about physical safety for, and it's designed to cut through inanimate materials, a sword is pretty much an ideal shape for such a tool.
I think the nonlethal tool hypothesis is okay, but there's no really good evidence for or against it at this stage.
A more likely possibility, I think, is that Shardblades were designed to pass through people but kill creatures of the void, (so they were weapons you could trust to a relative novice, possibly quite useful if you wanted the Radiants to focus on manipulating Stormlight) and Odium corrupted them to kill souls. (or Spren maybe? Neat little guess, that )