I don't think Kaladin has had his FINAL duel with Szeth, persay. After all, Szeth has joined the Skybreakers; inherent rivals of the Windrunners, the order Kaladin belongs to. I think they'll fight again in the future.
I don't think Kaladin has to adjust himself to what Syl finds to be right; he only has to do what HE finds right. The thing that almost caused Syl to die was that Kaladin wasn't abiding by his own moral compass.