Whether or not nightblood can damage a vessel is one question, And that depends on whether or not you can get to a perpendicularity, But Brandon has specifically said that Nightblood cannot splinter a shard. The power that Rayse, or Odium uses to splinter shards must be far more horrific, and/or powerful. I imagine that wielding Nightblood through the essence of Perservation and Ruin, before Sazed took them, would basically do nothing to the essence of the Shard.