I think using Stormlight probably has similar effects on the soul as using Allomancy, but we haven't seen anything like savants because nobody on Roshar knew how to use very much Stormlight until very recently. The physical manifestations of using that much investiture, and indeed becoming physically reliant on it, have yet to be seen. I could see crystalline eyes being part of it, at least.
As for Surgebinders having gemhearts, it seems more likely to me to be like what 1empyrean said above: a deepening connection between the Surgebinder and the cognitive realm via the nahel bond with the spren. That feels more realmatically pleasing to me, but maybe the real problem is a lack of understanding of how gemhearts actually work!