So, to sum up the discussion thus far:
Physical properties of the gems in spheres:
We can reliably come up with numbers about the luminance of spheres, but have no real idea of any other property of the gems within the sphere other than relative mass, which can be estimated via comparing luminosity. The color of the gems is, according to WoB, fixed, but the other properties (mass, clarity, cut) are unknown. Therefore, we cannot yet compare (or create an authentic-looking movie-prop glass replica) of a Rosharan sphere.
I'd like to throw in the "fact" that my thumbnail is 15mm across, so that a sphere based on the size of my thumbnail would be ~16-18mm wide and contain a gem that is (especially when we consider chips) quite tiny, probably 1mm or less in size.
Scarcity:
Gems on Roshar appear to be rather more common than here on Earth. They are probably a renewable resource, grown by some kind of organ within many of the crustaciform life on Roshar.
Monetary value:
A clearchip is worth about one loaf of bread, which due to economic differences, is hard to equate to Earthly money, though it could be estimated to lie within the range of $1.00-$10.00.
Any other points to be made besides these?
Thanks to everyone for your thoughts on the matter so far.