Some really good points here. Clearly BS must have created giant pupating insects-things that humans rarely if ever allow to fully develop for a reason. (Aside from the gemheart/war-causing aspects) It's too cool a concept to let go unexplored for the whole series.
For now, I'm in favor of the thunderclast theory. When do humans first become aware of the chasmfiends? I think I remember that the Parshendi told them. If so, does that mean that chasmfiends began showing up in the few years leading up to the new Desolation that is just starting? (Also right when the Parshendi themselves show up?)
Perhaps the Parshendi have been harvesting them and using them to distract the Alethi and prevent them from preparing for the Desolation. I have a feeling that there may be some chrysalises that will come to term next book. (Especially now that the Herald has shown up) Perhaps they've been hanging out and maturing in the unexplored areas of the Shattered Plains?
Also, really enjoyed the Pokemon reference!