The notes about Scadrial kinda need to also have the context that Preservation was there trying to have the world in a static state, that one supremely powerful being was there the entire time trying to maintain control over that world. It also didn't last and I don't believe we've seen any magic system capable of replicating that?
There's an also issue of definitions in that post. Primarily around what it means to "Destroy a World" given that a world is distinct from a planet.
For us the world isn't just earth, it's the countries, the cultures, and the people. Our individual worlds are even more specific, they could be "the english-speaking world", for some we say their family is their entire world, geeks can also be described as being fascinated with other worlds which can become even more broad up to universal or larger scales.
There are a few things that could "destroy our entire world", such global pandemics, that would ultimately only kill off humanity.
So... the original world of Sel was destroyed, the planet Sel remains. The culture and people that originally created Elantris are gone, not even a memory. Given how the Dor came to be in it's current state, their magic systems were probably all destroyed.
Roshar seems to have been mostly destroyed with each desolation, the Heralds are really the ones that carried on the knowledge to the civilisations that developed after them. The world of the original inhabitants has effectively been destroyed.
Scadrial was kinda destroyed by Lord Ruler and replaced with something else.
And so on.
Potentially, Ashyn could even be less of a "destroyed world", there was a cataclysm but their magic system may have survived, the pockets similarly might have saved their culture and their people.
Also, for the Cleopatra example the Aztec empire may work more nicely given we're nearing only the 500th anniversary of its, end.
It also seems like what you've written and your conclusion is in opposition.
As you note, when we look back into history we have the tendency to lump things together even if they're separated by thousands of years.
That would lead to the expectation that historians looking back would think the arrivals of Honour and Cultivation are followed soon by the arrival of Odium, when the reality would be that they were hundreds, if not thousands of years separate.
If it was relatively recent history then it would likely lead to the feeling that much longer has passed than it really has.
Following the logic presented, that it seems to be a long time between could imply that it's longer than that.