A year on Roshar is 500 days, the time between weepings, every other weeping has a single highstorm, the rest don't. Those highstorms are on the same day (1000 days apart).
The sun goes up and down, so a day is the rotational speed of the planet adjusted for it's orbital speed, however the planet has a zero tilt rotation, so there are no seasons to mark the passing of the year. Further there is no deep ocean travel to require astronomical navigation. I know we have a set of red stars and a single bright star but do we actually have enough information to confirm that a year is one orbit around the sun? Does Roshar orbit it's sun every 1000 days? Every 50? Something else?
The Taln's Scar's position on your 7th birthday is important... But that means that the Scars position is different on your 7th birthday then it is on your other birthdays. Which means it is either a local collection of objects (in the Roshar system) and moves independent of Roshar's solar orbit, or that Roshar's orbital period is NOT 500 days (or 50 or any other exact count of days that goes into 500).
Does this alter the moon's orbits? Potentially it lets some VERY crazy things happen but probably not, it just came about because of thoughts of the moons