I don't know why or how but according to Pattern stormfather is one of the few spren that was bonded at the time of the recreance that survived in tact
"Not just one people," Pattern said, solemn "Many. Spren with minds were less plentiful then, and the majorities of several spren peoples were all bonded. There were very few survivors. The one you call Stormfather lived. Some others. The rest, thousands of us, were killed when the event happened. you call it the Recreance."
now you could say that the "very few survivors" refers to the unbonded spren of the mostly bonded populations, but pattern said the majority not nearly all, so i think Stormfather and "some" others is more likely to be the bonded spren who were somehow strong enough to survive or perhaps lucky enough to survive and in surviving gained the strength to become the pseudo gods they are now